美国商务部此举实际上令中兴在七年内无法使用美国的技术。LLUIS GENE/AGENCE FRANCE-PRESSE — GETTY IMAGES

SHANGHAI — China’s second-largest maker of telecommunications equipmentwill not be able to use components made in the United States after the Commerce Department said it failed to punish employees who violated American sanctions against Iran and North Korea.

上海——中国第二大电信设备制造商将无法使用美国制造的零部件，因为美国商务部称其没有惩罚违反美国对伊朗和朝鲜制裁规定的员工。

The ban announced Monday, which effectively locks the company, ZTE Corporation, out of American technology for seven years,is a blow toone of China’s few truly international technology suppliers.

于周一公布的该禁令，实际上会导致这家名为中兴通讯的公司在七年内无法使用美国技术，对它来说是一大打击。中兴是中国为数不多的真正国际化的技术供应商之一。

ZTE’s products forthe infrastructure of telecommunications networks, as well as its smartphones, usean array ofAmerican parts, like microprocessors from thechip makerQualcomm, glass made by Corning and sound technology from San Francisco-based Dolby.

中兴用于电信网络基础设施的产品，以及它的智能手机，使用了大量美国零部件，比如芯片制造商高通(Qualcomm)的微处理器、康宁(Corning)的玻璃和旧金山杜比公司(Dolby)的声音技术。

In a call with reporters on Monday, a senior Commerce Department official saidthe action was not connected to a broaderintellectual property investigationinto China.

美国商务部的一名高级官员周一接受记者的电话采访时表示，这次行动与对中国进行更广泛的知识产权调查无关。

But thetough restrictionson ZTE maybe perceived asa new salvo in a deepening economic conflict between the United States and Chinaas the Trump administration and the Chinese government trade threats of increased tariffs on everything from washing machines to soy beans.

但随着特朗普政府和中国政府互相威胁要对从洗衣机到大豆的一切商品加征关税，美中两国之间的经济冲突不断加剧，对中兴的严格限制可能会被认为是新一轮行动。

The Trump administration’s move to counter what it terms unfair trade practices by China has prompted threats of hundreds of billions of dollars in tariffs on products that travel between the two countries.

特朗普政府对其称为中国不公平贸易做法的反击之举，引发了对往来两国之间的产品征收数千亿美元关税的威胁。

Thattrade clashnow centers heavily oncutting-edge technology.

现在，这场贸易冲突主要集中在尖端技术上。

The Trump administration accuses China ofusing *coercion and illicit meansto obtain American technology.

特朗普政府指责中国利用胁迫和非法手段获取美国技术。

coercion [koʊˈɜrʒn]

Coercion is the act or process of persuading someone forcefully to do something that they do not want to do.

n.强迫； 高压政治； 强制； 威压

In particular, it has criticized an industrial plan known as Made in China 2025 that seeks to make China a world leader in industries like robotics, electric cars and medical devices.

它对于一个名为《中国制造2025》的工业计划尤其不满。该计划寻求在机器人、电动汽车和医疗设备等行业让中国成为世界领导者。

In a bid to stopChina from dominating these industries, the White House has proposed limiting American exports ofsemiconductors and advanced machineryto the country. That could happen throughnew investment restrictions, which are slated to be announced in the coming months.

白宫试图阻止中国主导这些行业，提议限制美国面向中国的半导体和先进机械出口。这可能会通过新的投资限制来实现，相关限制将在未来几个月公布。

While China has long been viewed as thelower-cost producerfor technology companies in the United States,

尽管中国长期被视为美国科技公司的低成本生产商，

it has in recent yearsgained considerable groundin areas like artificial intelligence.

但近年来，中国在人工智能等领域取得了相当大的进展。

Last year, China unveiled a plan to become the world leader in artificial intelligence and create an industry worth $150 billion to its economy by 2030.

去年，中国公布了在人工智能领域成为世界领导者，到2030年时将其打造成一个价值1500亿美元（约合9400亿元人民币）产业的计划。

In a Twitter post Monday morning, President Trump alsotook aim at China, accusing the country ofdevaluing its currency.

在周一上午的一条推文中，特朗普总统也把矛头对准了中国，指责中国让自己的货币贬值。

devaluing [di:ˈvælju:ɪŋ]

To devalue the currency of a country means to reduce its value in relation to other currencies.

v.使（货币）贬值( devalue的现在分词 )； 降低（某事物）的价值，贬低；

The president’s criticism contradicted a report released just three days earlier by theTreasury Departmentthat scolded China for its lack of progress in reducing the bilateral trade deficit with the United States, but did not find that it was improperly devaluing its currency.

总统的指责与财政部三天前才发布的一份报告相互矛盾。该报告指责中国在减少与美国的双边贸易逆差方面缺乏进展，但没有发现中国以不正当的方式让自己的货币贬值。

China, the Treasury report said, hasallowed its currency toappreciateonly gradually, and “the distortion in the global trading system resulting from China’s currency policy over this period imposed significant andlong-lasting hardship on American workers and companies.”

财政部的报告称，中国只允许其货币逐步升值，“在此期间中国的货币政策导致的全球贸易系统扭曲，给美国劳动者和企业造成了严重而持久的困难”。

ZTE representatives could not be reached for comment.

记者无法联系到中兴通讯的代表置评。

ZTE’s troubles with the American governmentpredate recent tensions.

早在近期的紧张局势出现之前，中兴就与美国政府有了矛盾。

Last year,the Chinese company agreed to pay $1.19 billion in fines in a settlementthat followed a multiyear investigation into claims that the company sold electronics to Iran and North Korea, a violation ofeconomic sanctionsimposed by the United States against the countries.

中兴据称曾向伊朗、朝鲜出售电子产品，违反了美国向这些国家施加的经济制裁。在接受了数年的调查之后，这家中国公司在一份协议中同意缴纳11.9亿美元的罚款。

Before the settlement, the Commerce Department had providedtwo internal ZTE documentsto*bolsterits case.

在协议达成前，商务部拿出了两份中兴内部文件以支持此案。

bolster [ˈboʊlstə(r)]

support and strengthen .....

vt.支持； 支撑； 鼓励； 援助

Britain is free to adopt policies to bolster its economy.

英国可以自由制定政策以振兴经济。

The high interest rates helped to bolster up the economy.

高利率使经济更稳健.

He tried to bolster up their morale.

他尽力鼓舞他们的士气.

One, from 2011 and signed by several senior ZTE executives, detailed how the company had “ongoing projects in allfive major *embargoed countries— Iran, Sudan, North Korea, Syria and Cuba.” Another document, ina complex flow chart,laid out a method for*circumventing United States export controls.

其中一份文件来自2011年，由中兴多个高级管理人员签署。协议详述了公司如何“在所有五个主要禁运国——伊朗、苏丹、朝鲜、叙利亚和古巴持有正在进行的项目”。另一份文件则用一个复杂的流程图展示了规避美国出口管制的办法。

embargoed [emˈbɑ:ɡəud]

If one country or group of countries imposes an embargo against another, it forbids trade with that country.

禁止贸易，禁运

The United Nations imposed an arms embargo against the country...

联合国对那个国家实施了武器禁运。

circumventing [ˌsɜ:kəmˈventɪŋ]

If someone circumvents a rule or restriction, they avoid having to obey the rule or restriction, in a clever and perhaps dishonest way.

规避，逃避(规则或限制)

They found a way of circumventing the law.

他们找到了规避法律的途径。

The 2017 settlement, which did not block ZTE from buying technology made in the United States, appeared to bea reprieve for the Chinese tech company.

2017年的协议并未限制中兴购买美国制造的技术，这似乎给了中国科技企业一线生机。

But the Commerce Department said Monday that ZTE hadviolated the terms of the earlier agreementbymaking false statements to the United States government.

但商务部周一表示，中兴违反了先前的协议条款，对美国政府作了虚假陈述。

ZTE did not take a number of actions that it said it had: the company did not*reprimandemployees involved in the banned sales and did not cancel their bonuses.

中兴并未实践它自称已经做到了的某些行动：该公司并未惩戒参与禁运的员工，也没有取消他们的奖金。

reprimand [ˈreprɪmænd]

If someone is reprimanded, they are spoken to angrily or seriously for doing something wrong, usually by a person in authority.

n.训斥；惩戒；谴责；

vt.谴责；惩戒；责难；

He was reprimanded by a teacher for talking in the corridor...

他因为在走廊里讲话受到了一位老师的斥责。

“ZTE misled the Department of Commerce,” Wilbur Ross, the commerce secretary, said in a statement. “Insead of reprimanding ZTE staff and senior management, ZTE rewarded them. This*egregious behaviorcannot be ignored.”

“中兴通讯误导了商务部，”商务部长威尔伯·罗斯(Wilbur Ross)在一份声明中表示。“中兴通讯不仅没有惩戒员工和高级管理人员，还对其进行嘉奖。这种恶劣行为不容忽视。”

egregious GRE [ɪˈgri:dʒiəs]

Egregious means very bad indeed.

adj. 极坏的，异乎寻常的；

the most egregious abuses of human rights.

对人权的严重践踏

The department said it would*reinstate the limits onthe company that the 2017 settlement had set aside.

商务部表示，将恢复在2017年协议中搁置的对该公司的限制。

reinstate GRE [ˌri:ɪnˈsteɪt]

To reinstate a law, facility, or practice means to start having it again.

vt.使复原； 使恢复； 使恢复健康； 使复任

the decision to reinstate the grant...

恢复此项补贴的决定

Without access to key components from companies in the United States, ZTE’s smartphones will likely have to beredesigned. Even if new suppliers can be found, the transition willrepresent asignificant disruptionto production of the company’s phones.

如果无法从美国公司获取重要零部件，中兴的智能手机可能必须进行重新设计。即使可以够找到新的供应商，也会对公司的手机生产造成重大影响。

The ban also comesat a bad time forZTE. Revenue from the expansion ofChinese 4G cellular networkshas slowed, and its smartphone business faces major competition from new Chinese handset makers, as well as its much larger Chineserival, Huawei.

对中兴来说，禁令来得也不是时候。来自中国4G蜂窝网络扩张的收入已经放缓，其智能手机业务还要面对来自中国新兴手机制造商，以及比它大得多的对手——华为的巨大竞争。

Huawei also faces an investigation into whether it broke sanctions on Cuba, Iran, Sudan and Syria, The New York Times has reported.

据《纽约时报》报道，华为也面临着是否违反了对古巴、伊朗、苏丹和叙利亚贸易禁令的调查。

Huawei has long been suspected of committing *espionage for China. In January, AT&T abruptly pulled out of a deal to carry Huawei’s top-of-the-line smartphone, appearing to bend to pressure from Washington over security concerns.

华为长期被人怀疑在为中国进行间谍活动。今年1月，AT&T似乎是屈服于华盛顿对安全问题担忧的压力，突然撤出了一个销售华为顶级智能手机的交易。

espionage [ˈespiənɑ:ʒ] GRE /

Espionage is the activity of finding out the political, military, or industrial secrets of your enemies or rivals by using spies.

n.侦察； 间谍活动；

It was a crime of espionage and carried the death penalty.

这是间谍罪，应判死刑。

With the United States increasingly focused onbarring China fromaccessing its high-tech products through tariffs and investment restrictions, the new punishment for the Chinese company could be viewed as an escalation.

通过关税和投资限制，美国越来越重视阻止中国获取美国的高科技产品，而本次对中兴的新惩罚可以视为一种升级。

In response to the initial settlement, ZTE said it had strengthened its compliance policies andchanged its top management.

作为对初期协议的回应，中兴表示已经加强了对有关政策的遵守，并更换了最高管理层。

“ZTE acknowledges the mistakes it made, takes responsibility for them and remains committed to positive change in the company,” said Zhao Xianming, chairman and chief executive of ZTE, in a statement last year.

“中兴通讯承认违反美国出口管制相关法律法规，愿意承担相应的责任。公司将继续积极致力于变革，”中兴董事长兼总裁赵先明在去年的一份声明中说。